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INTERNATIONAL    HARVESTER    COMPANY   OF   AMERICA 


(I  NCORPOR  ATED) 

CHICAGO    USA 


AllOE 


omo  Emrac^   csna® 


^« 


The  Low  Corn  King  spreads  a  wide  strip  of  manure  from  a  narrow  box 

The  Low  Corn  King  is  an  Advance  Step 
in  Spreader  Building 


The  manure  spreader  is  necessary  to  a  farmer 
from  two  standpoints.  First,  it  is  a  time  and  labor 
saver,  reducing  the  work  of  two  men  to  one,  and 
thereby  decreasing  w^orking  time  50  per  cent. 
Second,  the  spreader  puts  the  manure  on  to  the 
ground  in  such  condition  that  the  soil  is  able  to 
quickly  assimilate  the  plant  food  constituents  and 
thereby  render  the  greatest  good  to  the  soil. 

The  Low  Corn  King  carries  these  advantages 
one  step  farther.  This  spreader  has  the  excep- 
tional feature  of  a  wide  spread  from  a  narrow 
box,  eliminating  inconvenience  in  the  field  and 
further  reducing  the  time  of  operation. 


Narrow  box 
wide  spread 


This  spreader  is  narrow. 
The  box  is  only  45  inches 
vk'ide  —  the  main  axle  only 
73/4  inches  long.  It  is  built  this  way  for  a  pur- 
pose. Farmers  are  finding  it  very  convenient 
and  profitable  to  haul  the  manure  directly  from 
the    stables    to    the  field.     The    majority  of  the 


modern  barns  are  constructed  so  that  the  stock 
faces  either  wall,  bringing  the  gutters  into  the 
center  of  the  barn.  A  driveway  is  left  between 
the  gutters,  and  the  stable  doors  open  wide. 

The  Low  Corn  King  is  built  narrow  so  that  it 
can  be  driven  directly  into  the  stable  and  the 
manure  cleaned  from  the  gutters  directly  into  the 
spreader. 

Economy  in  When  the  stable  is  cleaned 

handling  manure    the  labor  with  the  manure 
is    practically    ended.       It 
takes   but   a    few   minutes   to    drive   to   the   field 
and  spread  the  load  on  the  ground. 

This  method  is  a  most  economical  one.  One 
handling  of  the  manure  disposes  of  it  for  good 
—  a  50  per  cent  economy  in  labor  and  time,  it 
is  put  on  to  the  soil  without  a  particle  of  waste 
of  the  three  chief  plant  food  constituents  —  nitro- 
gen, phosphorus  and  potassium.  The  soil  gets 
all  the  benefit.  The  Low  Corn  King  is  worth 
double  its  cost  for  this  one  feature  alone. 


[2] 


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Manure  is  thrown  well  beyond  the  wheels  when  the  Low  Corn 
King  spreads  it.     No  driving  on  manure  to  make  a  matchup 


Spread  is  1 0  feet    But  there    is   another    im- 
wide  portant  and  special  feature 

about  this  spreader.  We 
said  before  that  the  box  was  only  45  inches  wide. 
Yes  —  but  this  spreader  puts  the  manure  on  the 
ground  in  a  strip  10  feet  wide. 

The  wide  spread  feature  makes  this  spreader 
the  leader  of  manure  spreaders.  Think  of  it  — 
a  1 0-foot  spread  from  a  45-inch  box.  This  means 
increasing  the  efficiency  of  the  spreader  in  two 
very  important  field  operations. 

Unloading  time       The      unloading     time     is 
shortened  shortened     and     therefore 

the  traveling  distance  ma- 
terially reduced.  While  the  strip  of  manure  is 
twice  as  wide  as  formerly,  the  speed  of  the  apron 
is  increased  proportionately  and  the  manure  is 


fed  to  the  beater  more  rapidly.  The  density  of 
the  strip  of  manure  on  the  ground  per  square 
foot  is  the  same  as  it  would  be  from  a  regular 
spreader  where  the  width  of  the  strip  is  the  same 
as  the  w^idth  of  the  beater. 


Manure  spread 
beyond  the 
wheels 


With  the  Low  Corn  King, 
traction  power  is  no  longer 
w^asted  and  lost  by  the 
operator  being  compelled 
to  drive  one  rear  wheel  on  the  manure  already 
spread  on  the  ground  to  match  the  strip  being 
spread  with  the  previous  one.  The  manure  is 
thrown  well  beyond  the  wheels.  On  the  return 
round  the  rear  wheel  can  travel  a  foot  or  more 
from  the  manure  and  the  two  strips  will  meet. 

Every  one  knows  what  an  advantage  this  is. 
The  wheels  will  not  slip  —  all  the  traction  pow^er 


14] 


ama  Ecoraa   csoas 


The  disks  do  the  spreading  —  the  wings  control  the  width  of  the  spread 


is  used  for  its  distinct  purpose  —  to  get  the  load      job  of  fertilizing  the  young  trees  is  accomplished 


off.  The  draft  is  cut  down  to  normal,  for  the 
wheels  are  always  traveling  on  the  unmanured 
ground  and  the  total  power  is  utilized  for  its 
legitimate  purpose. 

Adjustable  wings  The  width  of  the  spread  is 
control  the  controlled     by     adjustable 

spread  side     wings.      A     ten-foot 

spread  is  obtained  when 
the  wings  are  extended  to  their  limit.  Wing 
adjustments  permit  of  a  spread  any  width  under 
ten  feet  to  the  width  of  the  beater. 

For   fertilizing  A  special  advantage  of  the 

young  fruit  trees    Low   Com   King  is  that  a 

load     of    manure     can    be 

spread   all  to  one  side  of  the  spreader.     Since 


without  extra  labor  and  with  absolutely  no  injury 
to  the  trees. 

The  only  adjustment  necessary  for  this  work 
is  to  change  the  chain  operating  the  disks  so  that 
both  disks  revolve  in  the  direction  the  manure  is 
to  be  thrown.  Then  open  the  spread  controlling 
wing  on  this  side,  and  close  down  the  other 
wing. 

Top   dressing  In  some  sections  the  prac- 

three   rows   of  tice  of  top  dressing  young 

corn  at  one  time  corn  is  being  closely  fol- 
lowed. The  Low  Corn 
King  is  the  ideal  spreader  for  this  w^ork.  One 
row  is  straddled,  and  the  spread  is  wide  enough 
so  that  the  row^s  on  both  sides  are  covered  and 
about  half  the  space  to  the  next  row.     On  the 


the  manure  is  thrown  well  beyond  the  wheels,  return  round  the  third  row  is  straddled,  so  that 

the  spreader  can  be  driven  along  a  row  of  young  on  a  complete  round  six  rows  of  corn  are  top 

fruit  trees,  and  the  manure  thrown  around  them,  dressed.     The  manure  is  finely  pulverized  and 

On  the  return  round  the  spreader  is  driven  on  the  young  plants  quickly  take  it  up  as  is  shown 

the  other  side  of  the  row  of  trees,  and  a  good  by  their  rapid  growth.     Top  dressing  pays. 


[51 


[LB^     EUiraC^     CSDa@ 


^mi 


The    disks    receive    their    power 
from  the  end  of  the  beater  shaft 


Only  one  worm  A  spreader  is  regularly 
and  worm  gear  equipped  with  the  medi- 
furnished  with  um  spread  worm  and 
spreader  worm  gear.     Two  other 

sets  are  furnished  as 
extras  at  a  slight  additional  cost  for  each. 
They  are  the  light  spread  and  heavy  spread 
worms  and  worm  gears.  The  light  spread 
worm  and  worm  gear  are  used  for  top  dress- 
ing spring  crops,  such  as  corn,  alfalfa,  etc., 
and  for  spreading  lime  and  commercial  ferti- 
lizer. The  heavy  worm  and  worm  gear  are 
used  w^here  an  extra  heavy  spread  of  manure 
is  w^anted,  such  as  on  truck  farms. 


Nine  feed 
changes 


There  is  abundant  strength    and   no   complications  about   the  worm    and 
worm    gear.      The  feed   disk    reversed    to    show    the  three   feed   speeds 


The  Low  Corn  King 
spreader  covers  practi- 
cally the  complete 
variety  of  agricultural  requirements.  For  the 
farmer  who  sows  a  large  acreage  to  alfalfa, 
wheat  and  such  crops  —  the  corn  belt  farmer 
with  a  quarter  section  farm  to  the  truck 
gardener,  tobacco  growers,  or  vineyard  own- 
ers of  the  Eastern  and  Southern  states  —  the 
Low  Corn  King  spreader  will  meet  the 
requirements. 

Three  times  three  Nine  different  feeds  are 
makes  nine  obtained    by    the    three 

separate  sets  of  worms 
and  worm  gears,  and  by  three  lever  adjust- 
ments on  the  multiple  feed 
disk  which  make  possible 
three  feeds  for  each  worm 
and  worm  gear. 

A  great  advantage  of  this 
construction  is  that  the  worms 
and  worm  gears  are  of  the 
same  diameter,  and  fit  in  the 
same  iron  case.  In  chang- 
ing from  one  worm  and  worm 
gear  to  the  other  no  adjust- 
ments are  required  —  simply 
take  off  one  set,  and  put  the 
other  on  in  its  place. 


16] 


(Lm\:7    E[D[Iia     CSDC3® . 


Worm  and  The  apron 
worm  gear  motive  parts 
produce  of  the  manure 

steady  spreader    un- 

power  doubtedly  re- 

c  e  i ve  the 
greatest  amount  of  strain  and 
wear  of  any  part  of  the  ma- 
chine. It  is  these  parts  that 
move  the  entire  load  of  ma- 
nure, regardless  of  its  vk^eight 
and  condition. 

Of  the  several  devices  for 
this  work,  not  one  has  proved 
so  successful  as  the  worm  and 
worm  gear.  The  povi'er  is 
steady.  When  the  gears  ineet 
the  strain  of  the  load,  it  is  with 

a  steady,  revolving  motion  —  not  a  jerk.  This  is  per  cent.  In  addition  to  this,  the  worm  and 
kept  up  continually  during  the  unloading  opera-  worm  gear  are  entirely  encased  in  iron  cases, 
tion.  The  apron  is  at  all  times  under  the  absolute  The  case  is  dust  and  dirt  tight.  This  eliminates 
control  of  the  worm  and  worm  gear.  entirely  the  grinding   of   the   gears,  due  to  dirt 

When  the  spreader  is  traveling  up  hill  while      getting  into  them, 
unloading,  gravity,  of  course,  is   acting   on   the  These    parts    operate    continually    in    grease, 

load.  If  it  were  not  for  the  worm  and  worm  Hard  oil  is  fed  down  to  the  worm  from  a  grease 
gear  construction,  the  apron  and  load  would  slip  cup  on  top  of  the  worm  case.  The  grease  is  in- 
back  to  the  beater  very  rapidly,  clogging  it  or  side  and  clean.  The  dirt  is  outside.  The  worm 
else  making  the  draft  exceptionally  heavy.  The  and  worm  gear  thus  have  all  the  advantage  pos- 
Low  Corn  King  does  not  have  this  difficulty,  sible  to  give  them  to  do  their  work  efficiently, 
The  worm  and  worm  gear  hold  the  apron  to  and  with  a  minimum  of  wear  and  friction, 
regular  speed — virtually  acting  as  a  brake  on  the 


The  worm  and  worm  gear  are  thoroughly  protected  by  an  iron  case.    Notice 
the   hard  oil  grease  cups  for  the  worm,  pinion,  and  axle  roller  Isearings 


apron — at  the  same  time  keeping  the  power  and 
motion  uniform. 

Nor  is  the  speed  of  the  apron  retarded  when 
the  spreader  is  traveling  down  hill  while  unload- 
ing. In  this  position  the  w^orm  and  worm  gear 
must  move  the  load  against  the  incline.  They 
do  it  —  and  keep  the  speed  uniform  and  the 
spread  of  manure  normal. 


Speed  of  dif- 
ferent gears 


While  the  diameter  of  the 
three  sets  of  worms  and 
worm  gears  is  the  same,  the 
cog  pitch  is  different.  In  this  way  the  different 
feed  speeds  are  obtained  for  the  worms  and  worm 
gears.  For  light  spread  the  cogs  are  small  and 
close  together,  and  the  worm  moves  one  cog  in 
the  gear  at  every  revolution. 


On  the  medium  spread  worm  and  worm  gear 
Long  life  for  worm  These  two  parts  are  the  cogs  are  heavier  and  a  little  farther  apart, 
and  worm  gear  made  reversible,  and  can      but  the  worm   only  moves  one  cog  in   the  gear 

be   run  equally  well   on      at  a  revolution, 
either  side  of  the  cogs.      The   life  of  the  worm  On   the   heavy  spread    set  the  cogs  are  much 

and  worm  gear  are  thus  lengthened  one  hundred      heavier,  and  the  worm  at  the  ends  is  arranged 

[7] 


(im\:7   Emma    csoa®. 


^!.^ 


The  apron  delivers  the  load  to  the  beater  with  a  steady  motion 


like  a  double  auger  bit  —  and  moves  two  cogs 
of  the  gear  at  every  revolution.  By  this  con- 
struction the  worms  and  worm  gears  are  made 
the  same  diameter,  and  therefore,  interchange- 
able, without  any  adjusting. 

Apron  travels  When  a  building  is  moved, 

on  iron  rollers  it  is  either  derricked  up  on 

to  a  number  of  low  wheel 
trucks  or  on  heavy  timbers  which  travel  over 
wooden  rollers  laid  on  the  ground.  No  one  ever 
attempted  to  drag  a  building,  at  least  one  of 
any  size. 

The  same  principle  holds  true  in  moving  a  load 
of  manure  to  the  beater  for  spreading.  It  can  be 
dragged  along  the  bottom  of  the  box.  The  correct 
principle  for  delivering  the  load,  however,  from 
an  economical  standpoint,  is  to  have  the  load 
moved  on  rollers,  that  is,  to  have  the  bottom  of 
the  box,  if  you  please,  or  apron  in  this  instance, 
moved  with  the  load  over  a  series  of  rollers. 

This  is  the  exact  principle  on  v^^hich  the  Low^ 
Corn  King  apron  is  constructed.  It  is  made  of 
narrow  w^ood  slats  placed  close  together  and 
connected  by  malleable  links  hinged  between 
each  slat.  The  links  rest  upon  and  move  over 
the  iron  rollers.    The  iron  rollers  are  set  in  angle 


steel  frames,  which  extend  the  entire  length  of 
the  main  frame.  The  links  moving  over  the 
rollers  prevent  any  possible  cutting  of  the  slats. 
The  rollers  revolve  freely  and  easily  and  when 
the  spreader  starts  operating,  each  roller  becomes 
active  and  does  its  share  in  moving  the  apron 
and  load  to  the  beater  in  a  smooth,  uniform 
manner.  The  rollers  eliminate  friction  to  a  large 
degree  and  prevent  any  possible  binding  of  the 
apron.  They  are  placed  close  together,  so  that 
each  slat  in  the  entire  apron  is  supported  by  at 
least  two  rollers,  one  at  each  end,  until  after  the 
beater  is  passed.  At  the  same  time,  there  is 
ample  room  between  the  rollers  for  any  fine 
particles  of  manure  that  might  get  into  them  to 
drop  through  to  the  ground. 

Slack  in  apron  If  the  tension  of  the  apron 

easily  controlled  is  too  severe,  or  if  the  apron 
chains  become  slack,  the 
tension  may  be  relieved  or  the  slack  taken  up 
by  turning  the  large  set  screws  controlling  the 
front  apron  shaft.  This  shaft  is  supported  by 
two  castings,  one  at  either  end,  which  are  subject 
to  movement  by  the  long  set  screws.  The  ad- 
justment itself  can  be  made  in  a  moment's 
time. 


ii[E\:27   Emraa    csoa© 


^mi 


The  apron  lock  carries  the  strain  of  the  load 
when  the  spreader  is  traveling  to   the  field 


The  lock  is  raised  automatically  when  the  spreader 
is  thrown  into  gear.     It  likewise  closes  automatically 


Spreader  The     automatic     trip    on    the 

thrown  out  of     Low  Corn  King  for  throwing 
gear  auto-  the  spreader  out  of  gear  is  an 

matically  advantage     everyone    appre- 

ciates.     After    throwing    the 
spreader  into  gear  no  attention  has  to  be  paid 
to  it.     All  the  driver's  attention  is  devoted  to  his 
team.     When  the  load  is  off,  a 
catch  on  the  bottom  of  the  apron 
comes  in  contact  with  a  special 
apron  lever,  located    under   the 
box,  throwing  the  entire  operat- 
ing mechanism  out  of  gear. 

Foot  lever  for  In  return- 
returning  apron  i  n  g  the 
apron  for 
loading,  the  driver  is  not  com- 
pelled to  leave  his  seat,  nor  does 
he  have  any  hand  cranking  to 
do.  A  foot  lever  is  provided 
convenient  to   the  seat  for   this 


The  reverse  apron  foot 
lever  and  the  other  two 
levers  are  within  easy  reach 
of  the   driver  on  the  seat 


[9] 


[LB^    Esraa    CSDa© 


^l» 


purpose.    Pressure  on  it  throws  in  the 
return  apron  clutch  on  the  rear  axle. 

The  clutch  operates  a  chain  run- 
ning to  a  sprocket  on  the  rear  apron 
shaft.  This  action  immediately  starts 
to  return  the  apron,  and  long  before 
the  yard  is  reached  where  another 
load  is  to  be  obtained,  the  apron  is  in 
position  for  it.  No  time  or  energy  is 
lost  in  this  operation. 


Lock  for  apron 
when  spreader 
is  traveling 


To  relieve  the 
worm  and  worm 
gear  from  un- 
necessary wear 
and  strain,  a  lock  is  provided  to  hold 
the  apron  and  load  from  slipping  back 
when  the  spreader  is  traveling  to  the 
field  for  unloading. 

The  lock  is  attached  to  the  lever 
bar,  and,  when  the  spreader  is  thrown 
out  of  gear,  automatically  drops  into 
the  sprocket  provided  for  that  purpose 
on  the  end  of  the  front  apron  shaft. 
The  apron  is  held  firmly  —  the  worm 
and  worm  gear  ride  free  of  the  strain 
of  the  load.  When  the  spreader  is 
throw^n  into  gear,  the  w^orm  and  worm 
gear  assume  charge,  the  apron  lock 
being  automatically  raised,  allowing 
the  apron  to  travel. 

The  cuts  on  page  9  show  the  working  of  the 
apron  lock  and  gives  a  very  comprehensive  idea 
of  this  feature  which  marks  another  step  in  the 
efficiency  and  long  service  given  by  the  Low 
Corn  King  spreader. 


The  apron  reverse  clutch  is  locked  open  when  the  spreader 
is  in  gear.  The  lug  on  the  crank  shaft  and  the  bar  from 
the   clutch  come   together,    preventing   the   clutch    closing 


the  reverse  apron   clutch  is  locked  automatically 
against  closing  when  the  spreader  is  in  gear. 

On  the  crank  shaft,  to  which  the  controlling 
levers  connect,  is  located  a  lug.  When  the 
spreader  is  in  gear  the  crank  shaft  is  in  such  a 
position  that  this  lug  is  on  top.  If  the  foot  lever 
It  sometimes  happens  that  is  accidentally  pressed,  a  bar  connected  both 
a  driver  vfiW  unconsciously  with  the  reverse  apron  clutch  and  with  the  foot 
put  his  foot  on  the  foot  lever  bar  strikes  the  lug  and  prevents  the  clutch 
lever  while  the  spreader  is  closing.  Thus  the  clutch  is  locked  when  the 
in  gear.  Under  ordinary  spreader  is  in  gear  and  all  possible  chance  of 
circumstances  this  is  disastrous  to  a  spreader —  accidentally  stripping  the  gears  or  breaking  the 
but  it  does  no  harm  to  the  Low  Corn  King,because      driving  chains  is  eliminated. 


Apron  reverse 
clutch  locked 
when  spreader 
is  in  gear 


[10] 


[T.m\!7     EmCIia     CSDDB 


Differentials 
keep  beater 
and  apron 
in  motion  on 
the  turns 


The  slatted  roller  crushes  the  lumps  and  assists  materially  in  feeding  the  load 
to   the   beater  uniformly.     The  cut  shows  it  in  position  for  the  average  load 


On  the  Low 
Corn  King 
spreader 
differentials 
similar  to 
those  found 
in  the  hubs  of  mower  wheels 
are  used  on  the  rear  wheels. 
With  these  devices  one  wheel 
holds  the  pivot  when  making 
turns  while  the  other  wheel 
keeps  the  beater  and  the  apron 
in  motion.  As  a  result,  the 
Low  Corn  King  spreads  the 
manure  evenly  on  the  turns 
and  just  as  evenly  when  turn- 
ing one  way  as  when  turning 
the  other. 

The    differentials    not    only 
insure  even  spreading  on  the 
turns,  but  do  not  permit  the  lodging  of  manure      is  kept  in  motion  and  takes  care  of  the  manure 
against  the  beater  during  the  turn,  for  the  beater      as  fast  as  the  apron  delivers  it.    This  overcomes 

the  strain  on  the  operating  mech- 
anism, due  to  the  beater  having  to 
free  itself  from  manure  that  has 
lodged  against  it  during  the  turn. 
The  ground  around  the  turn  is 
properly  covered  as  well  as  even 
spreading  being  assured  immedi- 
ately after  the  turn  is  completed. 

Slatted  roller  A  spreader, 
crushes  lumps  to  be  valu- 
able to  the 
farmer,  must  be  capable  of  hand- 
ling all  kinds  of  manure.  In 
cleaning  up  a  yard,  it  usually 
happens  that  large,  hard  lumps 
of  manure  are  thrown  into  the 
box.  Those  on  top  will  be 
carried  back  to  the  beater  and 
thrown  off  in  this  condition,  or 
with  very  little  breaking  up,  were 
it  not  for  the  slatted  roller  which 

I  his  cut  shows  the  roller  as  raised  for  a  high  load  of  light   manure.     It  rises  fl:         •        I       1_  1  L 

with  the  load  and  performs  the  same  service  in  this  position  as  when  loaded  eitectively   breaks  them  Up. 


[Ill 


m^ 


[LCD^     EEBa     CSDC:]© 


T^m 


•    0 


Thoroughly  Pulverized  Manure,  Evenly  Distributed,  is  the  Most  Valuable  to  the  Soil 

I 

The  steel  beater  of  the  Low  Corn  King  thoroughly  pulverizes 

the  manure— the  disks  throw  it  out  in  a  wide,  even  spread 


Insure  good  crops  by  usinf  the^Low  Corn  King  spreader 


1121 


[13) 


[Lm\:7   ECDCic:]   csdc:d®. 


T^gii) 


'nnnnn:i3^llJ^4 


The  all-steel  beater  with  chisel-pointed  teeth.     Lumps  of  manure  are  torn  to  shreds 


This  roller  is  located  above  and  a  little  in  front 
of  the  beater.  It  serves  not  only  to  crush  the 
lumps  of  manure  but  also  to  retard  the  load, 
particularly  the  loose  top  of  it,  from  feeding  to 
the  beater  too  freely.  The  roller  rides  on  top  of 
the  load  and  is  revolved  by  it.  Its  retarding  and 
crushing  effect  is  obtained  without  increasing  the 
draft  of  the  spreader,  as  is  done  when  a  rake  is 
used  for  this  purpose. 

The  delivery  of  the  manure  is  uniform  —  the 
beater  gets  the  same  chance  at  the  entire  load, 
insuring  well-pulverized  manure  regardless  of 
the  condition  it  was  in  when  loaded. 

The  roller  also  serves  to  level  off  a  load  built 
high  in  the  center.  The  Low  Corn  King 
spreader  is  quite  flexible  as  to  the  size  of  the 
loads  that  can  be  put  on  to  it.  In  light  manure 
it  is  frequently  desired  to  pile  the  load  up  to  get 
a  larger  quantity  at  one  hauling.  The  roller 
takes  care  of  this  kind  of  a  load  to  good 
advantage. 

The    cuts   on    page    1  1    illustrate   the  range  of 


the  roller.  It  will  handle  and  level  off  a  load  of 
considerable  size,  so  that  the  beater  can  act  on 
every  particle  of  the  manure  and  do  a  first-class 
job  of  spreading. 


All  steel  beater  The  Low  Corn  King  beater 
thoroughly  pul-  fittingly  corresponds  to  the 
verizes  manure  strong  and  efficient  con- 
struction of  the  apron. 
The  tv^ro  work  together  to  the  best  possible 
advantage  for  the  spreading  of  manure.  The 
beater  is  constructed  of  eight  steel  bars  into 
which  the  square,  chisel-pointed  steel  teeth  are 
riveted.  The  bars  are  bolted  to  the  steel  beater 
heads.  The  heavy  steel  band  in  the  center  of 
the  beater  bolted  to  each  bar  reinforces  the  bars 
and  prevents  entirely  any  tendency  to  spring 
or  twist  out  of  place.  Heavy  clods  or  frozen 
manure  do  not  injure  this  beater.  It  is  strong 
enough  to  resist  effectively  the  shock  of  the 
impact  with  such  material. 


114] 


amy  Emrac:!]   csoc^©- 


^m 


Beater  furnished  In  the  mo- 
with  self  align-  tion  of  the 
ing  bushings  beater    it- 

s  e  1  f  no 
power  is  wasted.  The  steel 
shaft  turns  in  self-aHgning  bush- 
ings. The  w^earing  surface  is 
small  —  the  draft  very  light. 

The  self-aligning  bushings  are 
easily  removable  by  taking  out 
the  cotter  pins  which  hold  the 
beater  in  its  brackets.  The 
brackets  themselves  are  firmly 
bolted  to  the  main  sills  of  the 
frame  and  always  hold  the  beater 
firmly  in  position. 


There  is  no  question  about  an  abundance  of  power  for  the  beater  from 
this    sprocket   and  chain.    The   large  sprocket  is  keyed  to   the   axle 


Position  of  beater  The  old  saying  of  "A  place 
in  right  relation  for  everything,  and  every- 
to   apron  thing    in    its  place"   holds 

true  with  beaters  in  manure 
spreaders.  On  the  l^ow  Corn  King  the  beater  is 
'in  its  place"  and  in  the  correct  position  for  a 
manure  spreader  beater.  It  is  placed  to  the  rear 
of  the  apron  and  with  the  points  of  the  teeth  on 
the  down  bars,  extending  below  the  apron. 

In  this  position  the  teeth  are  cutting  into  the 


The  clutch  has  ten  strong  teeth.    It  grips  quickly  and  firmly 

[15] 


wall  of  manure  and  tearing  it  up  before  the 
manure  has  a  chance  to  crowd  in  under  the 
beater.  The  beater,  virtually,  is  under  the  manure; 
its  cutting  stroke  being  almost  entirely  upward. 
Since  all  the  manure  must  be  thrown  over  it,  the 
beater  of  the  Low  Corn  King  is  in  the  best  possible 
location  for  good  w^ork.  It  works  freely  with  a 
minimum  of  power.  Its  position  together  with  its 
abundant  driving  pow^er  enables  the  beater  to 
revolve  very  rapidly  and  reduces  draft  materially. 


A  strong,  simple  With  the  load 
beater  driving  being  supplied 
mechanism  steadily   to    the 

beater,  it  is  vital- 
ly essential  to  successful  spreading  that 
the  beater  have  sufficient  power  to  tear 
the  manure  to  pieces  and  throw  it  out 
as  rapidly  as  delivered,  regardless  of 
the  kind  of  manure  or  its  condition. 

The  driving  mechanism  of  the  Low 
Corn  King  beater  provides  the  beater 
with  abundant  power.  It  consists  of 
a  large  sprocket  on  the  axle,  a  chain, 
and  two  beater  gears.  The  large 
sprocket  on  the  main  axle  is  heavy, 
with    over    two-thirds    of    the    teeth 


cyii\:7   Emrac^    csoa® 


The  self-aligning  roller  bearings  keep  down  the  draft  of  the 
Low  Corn  King,     The  grease  cup  keeps  them  well  lubricated 


meshing  into  the  chain.  It  transmits  the  power 
to  the  beater  in  such  abundance  that  it  is  practi- 
cally impossible  for  the  beater  to  become 
clogged. 

The  beater  driving  gear  is  supported  not  only 
by  the  stud  on  which  it  revolves,  but  also  by  a 
brace  extending  from  the  main  frame  to  the  end 
of  the  stud.  This  prevents  any  possible  spring- 
ing apart  of  the  two  beater  gears. 

The  chain  is  heavy  enough  to  handle  its 
load  under  all  conditions.  A  chain  tightener 
is  provided  in  order  that  any  slackness  in  the 
chain  may  be  quickly  and  easily  taken  up. 
The  tightener  consists  of  a  small  double-flanged 
pulley  fastened  to  a  slotted  casting.  It  can  be 
moved  to  any  position  for  taking  up  slack  in  the 
chain.  This  tightener,  having  no  teeth,  does  not 
catch  straw  which  might  be  thrown  over  by  the 
beater,  thus  tangling  the  chain  and  causing 
breakage. 


Quick  acting 
strong  clutch 


The  clutch  has  a  great  deal 
to  do  w^ith  the  effective- 
ness of  the  beater-driving 
mechanism.  Its  great  advantage  lies  in  the  fact 
that  the  teeth  are  numerous  and  extra  large. 
This  gives  a  great  deal  more  wearing  surface 
and,  consequently,  a  great  deal  more  strength. 
Also,  it  picks  up  much  quicker.  There  is  no 
danger  of  the  clutch  sticking.     The  roller-bearing 


collar  disengages  the  teeth  on  the  sprocket  from 
their  half  of  the  clutch.  The  clutch  always  acts 
quickly  and  effectively. 

Roller  bearings  The  draft  of  the  Low  Corn 
keep  draft  down  King  is  considerably  re- 
duced by  using  roller  bear- 
ings on  the  main  axle.  They  are  contained  in 
self-aligning  boxes  in  heavy  axle  brackets  that 
are  attached  to  the  main  frame.  The  rollers,  as 
the  cut  shows,  are  held  in  cages,  and  can  be 
easily  removed  from  the  boxes.  Since  the  bear- 
ings are  self-aligning,  there  is  no  cramping  of 
the  rollers,  no  twisting  to  increase  the  draft  of 
the  spreader  and  cause  the  operator  trouble. 

These  bearings  operate  continuously  in  grease 
supplied  to  them  by  means  of  grease  cups,  as 
illustrated  in  the  cut.  The  hard  oil  grease  cups 
used  on  the  Low  Corn  King  mark  another  feature 
in  which  this  spreader  excels  in  the  spreader 
world. 

^^heels  are  steel     The  spreader  is  well  sup- 
ported    by    steel     vk^heels. 
Experience    has    proved    that    steel    is    better 


Heavy  oval  spokes,  cast  into  the  hub  and  riveted  and  upset 
in  the  rim,  make  a  trouble- proof  wheel.  Z-shaped  lugB 
secure  a  firm  grip  on  the  ground  without  excessive  jarring 


[161 


Q,m\r7   Emraa   csoa® 


^i? 


adapted  for  use  in  manure 
spreader  wheels  than  wood. 
The  acids  contained  in  barn- 
yard manure  eat  quickly  into 
wood  wheels,  causing  the  wood 
to  rot  badly  in  a  short  time. 
With  steel  wheels  this  disad- 
vantage is  entirely  overcome. 
Furthermore,  there  are  no  tires 
to  set,  the  spokes  cannot  w^ork 
loose,  and  there  are  no  felloes 
to  shrink,  check,  or  decay.  Re- 
gardless of  the  kind  of  weather 
or  the  time  of  year  in  which  the 
spreader  is  used,  the  wheels  of 
the  ]^ow  Corn  King  are  always 
ready  for  business. 

These  wheels  are  exception- 
ally strong.  They  have  inwardly 
flanged  rims  which  keep  the 
edges  of  the  rim  from  becom- 
ing cut  and  jagged,  and  also  pre- 
vent the  cutting  of  sod  when 
spreading  on  meadows.  Oval 
spokes  are  used  because  they 
are  the  strongest  construction 
known.  The  spokes  are  cast 
into  the  hubs  and  upset  in  the 
rims  to  keep  the  rim  from  buck- 
ling, and  are  riveted  solidly  on 
the  outside  of  the  rim.  The 
spokes  are  the  same  diameter 
throughout  their  entire  length. 

The  lugs  on  the  rear  wheels 
are  Z-shaped.  They  are  made 
in  this  shape  so  as  to  secure  a 
continuous  grip  on  the  ground 
and  at  the  same  time  relieve  the 
spreader  of  excessive  jar. 

All  steel  frame  When  a 
large  build- 
ing is  to  be  erected  —  a  sky- 
scraper—  caissons  are  sunk  into 
the  ground  to  a   depth  of  one 


(mKJ  Gmrac^   csoa® 


^i* 


hundred  feet  or  more,  in  order  that  the  building 
may  have  a  secure  foundation  and  withstand  the 
elements  and  time  and  give  a  service  commen- 
surate with  its  cost. 

The  same  idea  is  carried  out  in  constructing 
the  frame  of  the  Low  Corn  King.  All  the 
weight  —  all  the  strain  of  handling  and  spreading 
a  load  of  manure  comes  on  to  the  frame.  It  is 
constructed  of  angle  steel  trussed  and  braced 
with  steel  —  light  but  abundantly  strong  to  with- 
stand the  strain  of  any  load  of  manure  it  is 
possible  to  put  on  to  the  spreader.  The  steel 
frame  successfully  sustaining  the  load  keeps  the 
various  operating  parts  of  the  spreader  in  cor- 
rect alignment,  enabling  every  part  to  work  to 
the  maximum  of  its  efficiency,  thereby  reducing 
friction  and  draft  to  the  minimum. 

Front    trucks  The    front    trucks    on    the 

prevent   tongue       Low  Corn  King  are  espe- 
lashing  cially  adaptable  for  travel- 

ing over  rough  ground  and 
for  top  dressing  young  crops,  such  as  corn  or 
other  crops  planted  in  rows.  The  trucks  straddle 
the  row,  but,  because  of  their  narrow  tread, 
eliminate  tongue  lashing.  You 
with  their  front  legs  and  should 


cut  from  tongue  lashing  after  being  used  on 
wide  front  truck  spreaders.  The  Low  Corn  King 
saves  your  horses  this  pounding. 


A  straight  pull 
from  the  frame 


The  pull  of  the  load  is 
entirely  from  the  frame. 
By  means  of  a  U-casting, 
the  tongue  pulls  mainly  on  the  front  channel  bar, 
part  of  the  draft  being  transferred  to  the  long 
king  bolt,  and  so  to  the  axle  of  the  trucks.  In 
this  way  the  trucks  simply  carry  their  share  of 
the  load,  but  the  pull  is  straight  against  the  load 
—  there  is  no  down  pull  on  the  horses'  necks. 
This  not  only  does  not  worry  the  horses,  but 
actually  lightens  the  draft,  because  there  is  no 
tendency  to  lift  the  load,  such  as  there  would  be 
if  the  tongue  connected  down  at  the  axle  and 
all  the  pull  was  from  the  axle. 


Narrow  front  trucks  prevent  excessive  tongue  lashing.    The  pull 
of    the   load   is   from   a  central   point  straight  from   the   frame 


am:?  [Miujs^   csdc^b. 


ri^» 


Prevents  side  Then,  too,  the  Low  Corn 

strain  King    front    trucks    relieve 

the  spreader  from  severe 
side  strains,  due  to  the  front  wheels  dropping 
into  ruts  or  passing  over  obstructions. 

The  fifth  wheel  keeps  the  box  level.  The  axle 
brackets  on  the  under  side  of  the  fifth  wheel 
give  the  axle  space  to  move  up  and  down  with 
the  wheels  as  they  conform  to  the  surface  irregu- 
larities on  one  side  or  the  other  without  affecting 
materially  the  even  balance  of  the  box  and  load. 
Relieving  the  spreader  thus  of  considerable  of 
the  strain  insures  longer  life  and  better  service 
from  the  Low  Corn  King  spreader. 

Abundant  trac-  Tractive  power  is  an  im- 
tive  power  even-  portant  point  jn  a  manure 
ly  distributed  spreader.     It  is  being  given 

particular  attention  by  pres- 
ent-day farmers.  In  early  spring,  every  farmer 
wants  to  get  as  much  manure  on  the  ground 
before  plowing  as  possible.  He  is  forced  to  use 
a  spreader  w^hile  the  soil  is  still  very  soft.  Many 
are  now  spreading  manure  as  it  accumulates, 
even  when  snow^  is  on  the  ground  or  v^'hen 
slippery  and  wet. 

The  Low  Corn  King  is  built  to  spread  manure 
under  these  conditions.  The  rear  axle  is  placed 
-well  forward  under  the  box  and  carries  a  suf- 
ficient percentage  of  the  weight  of  the  load  to 
insure  abundant  tractive  power.  The  power  is 
evenly  distributed,  so  that  each  rear  wheel 
equally  shares  the  burden,  getting  the  load  of 
manure  properly  distributed.  By  driving  the 
beater  from  the  left-hand  side  of  the  spreader 
and  the  apron  from  the  right,  no  unnecessary 
strain  is  placed  on  any  part.  The  result  is  less 
friction,  a  consumption  of  less  power,  and  longer 
service. 

A  steel  spreader      So  much  of  the  Low  Corn 

King  is  made  of  steel  that 

it  can  rightly  be   called  a  steel    spreader.     We 

have  called  attention  in  other  parts  of  this  cata- 


logue to  the  steel  frame,  the  steel  beater,  the  steel 
axles  and  wheels,  the  steel  driving  parts,  etc.,  in 
fact,  the  only  wood  about  the  Low  Corn  King  is 
in  the  apron  and  box  and  the  slatted  roller. 
The  steel  construction  is  the  reason  for  the  light 
weight  and  at  the  same  time  the  exceptional 
strength  and  working  qualities  of  the  Low  Corn 
King  spreader. 

Two  sizes  of  This  spreader  is  adapted  to 

Low  Corn  K.ing  all  sizes  and  all  kinds  of 
farms.  The  No.  5  is  the 
small  spreader  and  the  No.  6  the  large  one. 
The  box  of  the  No.  5  is  1  5  inches  deep,  45  inches 
wide  and  104  inches  long;  that  of  the  No.  6  is 
the  same  depth  and  width  as  the  No.  5,  but  is 
I  24  inches  in  length. 

The  two  sizes  of  machines  with  the  various 
changes  in  feed  speeds  practically  adapts  the 
Low  Corn  King  spreader  for  use  on  any  and  all 
kinds  of  farms  —  from  the  truck  gardener  who 
wants  a  very  heavy  coat  to  the  large  farm  where 
the  owner  is  compelled  to  distribute  the  manure 
lightly  in  order  to  cover  as  much  acreage  as 
possible. 

As  brought  out  on  page  2,  the  line  of  Low 
Corn  King  spreaders  conforms  strictly  to  the 
particular  principle  of  spreader  building  —  a 
narrow^  box  but  a  wide  spread. 


Buy  a  manure 
spreader  as  you 
would  a  horse 


In  selecting  a  horse,  you 
are  very  careful  in  looking 
him  over  that  you  may  be 
reasonably  sure  of  getting 
full  value  for  your  money.  You  do  not  take  the 
owner's  word  for  the  horse's  age — not  that  you 
feel  he  is  trying  to  deceive  you,  but  because  you 
like  to  see  for  yourself — so  you  look  at  the  horse's 
teeth.  You  feel  his  shoulders,  his  hind  quarters, 
and  down  his  legs.  You  have  him  trotted  down 
the  yard  for  a  hundred  yards  or  so  and  back  to 
watch  his  gait.  Then  as  soon  as  he  is  stopped 
you  listen  to  his  breathing  to  learn  if  his  "wind" 
is  all  right. 


[19] 


nm^   GCDsa    [130  c:]®- 


The  horse  looks  good.    You  ask  the  price.    If  it  Iowa  was  once  made  to  ascertain  what  was  the 

is  twenty-five,  forty,  or  fifty  dollars  under  normal  difference  in  their  crop  production.     The  figures 

prices,  you  shake  your  head  and  walk  away.    In-  obtained  are  interesting.     The  average  for  five 

stantly  you  have   decided  that  a  good-looking  years  was  taken. 

animal  like  that  offered  at  such  a  price  is  a  good  The  ten  stock  farms  gave  an  average  of  52 

one  for  you  to  let  alone.     There  is  something  bushels    of    corn;  ten    grain    farms,   38  bushels, 

wrong  about  the  horse  that  you  haven't  been  able  Ten  stock  farms  gave  an  average  oat  production 

to  discover  that  is  causing  the  owner  to  sell  him.  of  39  bushels;  the  ten  grain  farms,   32  bushels. 

If  the  price  is  average,  or  a  little  above,  you  The  ten  stock  farms  gave  of  clover  2.2  tons  per 

look    the    horse    over   again.     You    may    argue  acre;  the  ten  grain  farms,  only  1 .2  tons  per  acre, 

about  the  price,  but  the  thing  of  it  is,  the  price  The  key  to  greater  profit  in  farming  is  to  carry 

corresponds  to  your  idea  of  the  value  of  the  horse  more  live  stock.     Thousands  of  farms  are  carry- 

and  tells  you  that  the  horse    is  right  —  and  you  ing  just  enough  stock  to  fall  below  the  line  of 

take  the  horse.  profit,  keeping  the  crop  production  down,  not 

The  same  principle  should  apply  in  buying  a  furnishing  a  sufficient  volume  of  business  to  pay 

manure  spreader.     You  will  be  money  and  satis-  for    employing  sufficient  labor.     This  matter  of 

faction  ahead  in  a  short  time  after  making  the  keeping  up  the  efficiency  of  the  farm  is  a  very 

purchase.  important  one.     It    simply    means    making    the 

It    requires    careful    breeding    and    raising   to  land  or  fixed  capital  do  its  full  share  of  work, 

produce  a  good  horse.     It  requires  the  best  of  We  haven't  begun  yet  as  farmers  to  see  the 

materials  and  careful  manufacture  to  construct  a  full  significance  of  the   relation    between   fixed 

reliable  manure  spreader — a  spreader  that  will  capital  and  working  capital  in   making  the  farm 

do  its    work    under    the    varying    conditions  of  pay  a  good  profit.     The  live  stock  farmer  employs 

manure  and  weather.  more  w^orking  capital  and  besides  increases  the 

Before    buying    a    Low     Corn     King     manure  producing  power   of  the  farm.     The  more  live 

spreader,    or    any    other    spreader,    examine    it  stock  the   more  manure;  the  more  manure  the 

carefully.     Make  it  measure  up  to  the  mark  of  higher  grain  production,  which  in  turn  increases 

efficiency  you  have  in  mind  for  a  spreader.  the  ability  of  the  farm  to  carry   more  live  stock. 

You  are  not  buying  simply  a  wagon  box  and  There  is  a  big  field  for  thought  and  study  here, 

wheels  with  a  beater  on  it  and  a  few  gears  and  Think   what    is  contained  in  this    short    lesson 

chains  to  throw  out  the  manure,  when  you  pur-  taken  from  sixteen  years  of  experiment  work  in 

chase    the    Low    Corn    King   manure    spreader.  Tennessse.     It   was  found    that   under   a    good 

For  the  exchange  of  a  reasonable  sum  of  money,  system  of  live  stock  farming  the  corn  yield  was 

you  are  securing  a  machine,  the  working  capacity  increased  from  20  to  80  bushels  per  acre,  while 

of  which  is  more  than  that  of  five  or  six  hired  continuous  cropping    without    manure   reduced 

men,  a  machine  that  will    get  right  down  and  the  yield  in  sixteen  years  from  20  to  7/4  bushels 

hustle  for  you  every  day  of  the  year  if  you  want  per  acre. 

it  to,  and  will  keep  up  the  pace  for  years.  These  facts  stare  us  in  the  face  on  every  side. 

Have  we  a  mind  able  to  take  them  in  and  reason 

One  of  the  most  important  out  the  right  course  to  pursue?     Dairy  farmers 

profits  in  live  stock  farming  are  up  against  such  facts  and  the  lessons  they 

is  the  increased  grain  pro-  teach   all  the  time.     We    not    only  need   good 

duction  it  gives.     A  survey  judgment,  but  we  need  great  courage  as  well  to 

of  ten  live  stock  farms  and  ten  grain  farms  in  follow  where  the  facts  lead.     Who  can  rightly 


The  live  stock 
farm  as  a  crop 
producer 


1201 


Q,m\:27   Emrara    csoacs 


7^1^ 


The  pond  is  getting  the  fertilizing  elements  from  the  manure.     It  cannot  use  them 


estimate  what  the  serious  falling  off  in  live  stock 
in  this  country  in  the  last  few  years  has  meant 
to  the  crop-producing  power  of  our  farms? 


How  manure 
is  wasted 


One  of  the  greatest  losses 
of  manure  is  incurred  by 
leaching.  If  the  manure  is 
piled  against  the  side  of  the  stable  where  water 
from  the  roof  can  drip  on  it,  or  if  it  is  piled  on 
the  hillside  or  other  open  place  where  rains  will 
wash  the  piles,  the  water  leaching  through  it  will 
carry  away  large  quantities  of  nitrogen  and 
potash. 

It  is  not  an  uncommon  sight  to  see  the  dark 
brown  liquid  oozing  from  the  base  of  the  manure 
pile  after  a  shower.  This  liquid  contains  a  very 
high  percentage  of  nitrogen  and  potash  which, 
if  the  manure  pile  had  been  protected,  would 
have  been  kept  in  the  manure  and  thus  made 
available  for  plant  food. 

Another  common  loss  is  that  incurred  by  heat- 
ing. Heating  is  caused  by  fermentation  and 
breaking    down    of    materials    composing    the 


manure.  This  fermentation  causes  a  loss  of 
humus  and  nitrogen  from  the  ammonium  com- 
pounds. The  odor  of  ammonia,  commonly 
noticeable  about  the  horse  stables  and  piles  of 
manure,  is  an  evidence  of  the  fermentation  and 
loss  which  is  taking  place. 

The  following  test  of  the  Cornell  Experiment 
Station  shows  the  enormous  loss  of  manure  left 
exposed  in  piles:  An  80-ton  heap  of  cow  manure 
left  exposed  for  one  year  lost  66  per  cent  of  its 
dried  substance;  2  tons  of  horse  manure  exposed 
in  a  pile  for  five  months  lost  57  per  cent  of  its 
gross  weight,  60  per  cent  of  its  nitrogen,  47  per 
cent  of  its  phosphoric  acid,  and  76  per  cent  of 
its  potash.  With  this  large  percentage  of  loss 
before  us,  too  much  cannot  be  said  regarding  the 
manner  of  handling  manure  being  adopted  by 
progressive  farmers,  that  is,  of  hauling  the  manure 
directly  from  the  stable  to  the  field.  In  this 
manner  there  is  practically  no  loss  of  any  of  the 
plant  food  constituents  in  the  manure,  and,  in 
addition,  the  ground  is  benefited  by  the  chemical 
action  of  the  manure  while  it  is  decomposing 


[21] 


(im\:27   Emrara   csdc:i[^- 


^m^ 


either  on  the  surface  of  the  soil  or  within  the 
soil  itself. 

Without  question,  the  greatest  loss  is  through 
the  failure  to  provide  for  the  absorption  of  the 
urine.  The  urine  is  very  rich  in  both  nitrogen 
and  potassium,  and  in  this  form  the  plant  food 
constituents  are  much  more  available  to  the  soil. 
Many  farmers  provide  against  this  loss  by  drain- 
ing the  stables  into  a  cistern  or  pit,  and  later 
sprinkling  the  urine  over  the  soil  or  over  the 
manure  pile,  providing,  of  course,  the  piles  are 
sheltered  and  taken  care  of  so  that  there  will  be 
no  drain  from  them. 

Another  method  of  saving  the  urine  is  by 
absorption;  that  is,  by  putting  a  large  amount  of 
litter  in  the  stables  to  absorb  the  liquid  matter. 
Straw  is  undoubtedly  the  most  common  and 
plentiful  material  used  for  this  purpose.  It  is 
not  only  a  good  absorbent,  but  has  considerable 
manurial  value. 

Manure   is   a  There  are  two  sources  from 

balance  due  the  which  plants  receive  nutri- 
land  ment — earth  and  air.    The 

air  supplies  carbon,  some 
nitrogen,  and  some  water.  The  ground  gives 
water,  nitrogen,  phosporic  acid,  and  potash. 
Under  favorable  conditions  of  heat  and  light  the 
plant  produces  its  increase  taking  from  the  air 
and  soil  the  organic  and  inorganic  substances 
peculiar  to  its  nature.  Now  if  the  plants  which 
absorb  these  ingredients  from  the  soil  are  sold 
and  carried  away  from  the  land,  it  is  robbed  of 
its  vitality  and  weakened  in  proportion.  If,  on 
the  other  hand,  the  plants  are  converted  into 
fertilizer  by  field  or  farm  animals  and  the  result- 
ing manure  returned  to  the  land,  the  owner  will 
not  only  always  have  sufficient  feed  for  his  stock, 
but  will  have  enough  extra  increase  to  pay  him 
a  good  profit. 

In  the  process  of  digestion  there  is  very  little 
waste  of  active  fertilizing  elements,  because  the 
animal  gives  up  almost  as  much  from  its  body  as 
it  takes  from  the  plant  it  eats. 


One  writer  has  truly  said,  "The  part  which  live 
stock  plays  where  farming  is  marked  by  steady 
improvement  will  be  better  understood  if  we 
remember  that  the  original  quantity  of  plant  food 
in  new  soils  and  in  new  localities  may  give  pros- 
perity for  a  time,  but  it  will  not  be  permanent." 
The  earth  provides  vegetation.  Live  stock  con- 
sumes vegetation.  Food  and  the  growth  of  the 
stock  is  the  farmer's  profit.  Manure  is  a  balance 
due  the  land  and  should  be  applied  carefully 
and  intelligently.  Barnyard  manure  must  ever 
be  the  main  reliance  in  fertilizing  of  those  who 
till  the  soil. 

Plant  food  con-       A  ton  of  average  barnyard 
Stituents  manure  contains  about  ten 

in   manure  pounds     of     nitrogen,    five 

pounds  of  phosphoric  acid, 
and  ten  pounds  of  potash. 

In  addition  to  these  valuable  plant  food  con- 
stituents, the  humus-making  parts  of  barnyard 
manure  must  not  be  overlooked.  Humus  or 
vegetable  mold  is  one  of  the  much  sought  after 
conditioners  for  soil.  No  plants  can  be  success- 
fully grown  where  humus  is  absent.  It  makes 
the  soil  porous,  helps  to  ventilate  it,  holds  water 
for  the  feeding  roots,  and  through  the  activity  of 
the  millions  of  earth  germs,  assists  in  disorganiz- 
ing the  insoluble  salts  in  the  soil,  preparing  them 
for  absorption. 

Fresh  manure  Particular  farmers,  abreast 

best   for   crops  of    the    times,    are    finding 

that  fresh  manure  contains 
the  highest  percentage  of  active  plant  food  con- 
stituents in  their  most  soluble  state.  This  fresh 
manure  mixed  with  medium  fine  litter  and  urine 
represents  the  fertilizing  value  of  the  crops  which 
have  been  taken  from  the  ground  and  fed  to  the 
stock.  If  this  is  placed  on  the  land  with  the 
Low  Corn  King  as  fast  as  a  load  is  accumulated 
in  the  stables,  it  will  return  a  large  percentage  of 
the  value  taken  by  the  growing  crops. 


1221 


QnMy    Emoa     CSDC3® 


^1* 


Allowing  manure  By  tests  carried  on  by  the 
to  rot  means  experimental    stations    for 

a   50%   waste  a  period  of  several  years, 

it  has  been  definitely  de- 
termined that  it  takes  two  tons  of  fresh  manure 
to  make  one  ton  of  rotted  manure.  Since  a  ton 
of  rotted  manure  contains  no  more  nitrogen  or 
no  more  potash  than  a  ton  of  fresh  manure,  and 
but  one  ton  more  of  phosphorus,  it  is  wanton 
waste    to    allow  manure  to  lie  in  the    yard    for 


Save  manure  by  By  hauling  the  manure  di- 
hauling  directly  rectly  to  the  field  every 
from  stable  day  or  two,  the  rotting  pro- 

to    field  cess,  or  the  chemical  action, 

can  take  place  on  or  in  the 
soil  and  the  soil  receive  all  the  benefit  therefrom. 
By  decomposing  on  and  in  the  soil,  manure  gives 
off  carbonic  acid  gas,  which  unites  with  soil 
waters  and  increases  its  dissolving  action  on 
mineral    plant  foods.     This  action  makes  more 


The  method  of  handling  manure  is  abundant  reason  for  the  prosperity  evidenced  on  this  farm 

several  months,  or  until  it  is  rotted.    True  enough,  active  the  plant  food  constituents  already  in  the 

the  manure  must  rot  to  become  of  value  to  the  soil,  making  them  more  valuable  to  the  plants, 

soil,  so  must  a  grain  of  corn  before  it  can  bring  while  the  chemical  action  itself  merely  raises  the 

forth  a  new  stalk.     The  seed  corn,  however,  is  temperature   of  the  soil,  making  the  soil  warm 

not  allowed  to  lie  in  the  crib  and  rot  in  the  hopes  and  conducive  to  the  rapid  growth  of  the  plant, 
that  a  crop  will  be  produced.     The  same  prin-  Many  farmers  are  realizing  increased  benefits 

ciple  holds  true  with  manure.     Why  allow  it  to  from  manure  by  handling  it  in  this  way.     The 

lie  in  a  yard  to  rot,  when    during  this  process  manure    is    loaded    directly    into    the    spreader 

over  fifty  per  cent  of  the  fertilizing  elements  and  each  morning.     This    method    also    saves    time 

solid    matter    are    used  up  by  fermentation,  by  and    labor,  since    one   handling   of   the  manure 

heating  in  the  pile,  and  by  leaching  into  some  fully   disposes    of   it,   and    to   the   best   possible 

nearby  pond  or  into  the  bottom  of  the  yard.  advantage. 

[23] 


-      PEC  TOOTH  HARROWS 


BINDERS*  REAPERS 
PUSH    MACHINtS       PZ 


SIDE      DELIVERY 
RAKES 


DISK      HARROWS 


SPRING 
TOOTH 
HARROWS 


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GRAIN    DRILLS 


SEEDEIRS 


LIM£  E>-  FERTILIZER  SOWERS 


SVS/ECP     RAKES« 

|,|J,^AUJAl,^^v,UlMl^^v,^|Jl',|,|,^||||VA^||'l^Vl^M;^lAW^^VJl^^^V||||||,|,||lAWAY|^     stackers 


BRANCH  HOUSES 

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eOANCn   nouses 


1 


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ABERDEEN.  S.  D. 

LBANY.  N  Y. 

rLANTA.  GA 
AUBURN.  N.  Y 
AURORA.  ILL. 
BALTIMORE.  MD. 
BIRMINGHAM.  ALA. 
BISMARCK.  N.  D. 
BOSTON.  MASS 
BUFFALO.  N    Y. 
CEDAR  FALLS.  lA. 
CHARLOTTE.  N.  C. 
CINCINNATI.  OHIO 
CLEVELAND.  OHIO 
COLUMBIA.  S   C. 
COLUMBUS   OHIO 
CONCORDIA.  KAN 
COUNCIL  BLUFFS.  lA 
CRAWFORD.  NEB. 
DAVENPORT,  lA. 
DENVER.  COLO 
DES  MOINES,  lA. 


DETROIT.  MICH. 
DUBUQUE.  lA. 
EAST  ST.  LOUIS.  ILL. 
EAU  CLAIRE.  WIS. 
ELMIRA.  N.  Y 
EVANSVILLE.  IND. 
FARGO.  N    D. 
FT   DODGE.  lA. 
FT   WAYNE.  INO. 
GRAND  FORKS.  N    D. 
GRAND  RAPIDS.  MICH 
GREEN  BAY    WIS. 
HARRISBURG.  PA. 
HELENA.  MONT 
HUTCHINSON.  KAN 
INDIANAPOLIS.  IND. 
JACKSON.  MICH. 
JACKSONVILLE.  FLA. 
KANKAKEE.  ILL. 
KANSAS  CITY.  MO 
KNOXVILLE.  TENN. 
LANSiNG.  I."C» 


LINCOLN.  NEB. 
LITTLE  ROCK,  ARK, 
MADISON.  WIS. 
MANKATO.  MINN. 
MASON   CITY.  lA. 
MEMPHIS.  TENN. 
MILWAUKEE.  WIS 
MINNEAPOLIS.  MINN. 
MINOT.  N    D. 
NASHVILLE.  TENN. 
NEW  ALBANY.  INO. 
NEW  ORLEANS.  LA. 
OODENSBURG.  N.  Y. 
OKLAHOMA  CITY.OKLA. 
OMAHA.  NEB. 
PARKERSBURG.  W   VA. 
PARSONS.  KAN. 
FEORIA.  ILL. 
PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 
PITTSBURGH.  PA 
PORTLAND.  ORE 
QUINCY,  ILL. 


RICHMOND,  IND. 
RICHMOND,  VA. 
ROCKFORD.  ILL. 
ST.  CLOUD.  MINN. 
ST   JOSEPH.  MO. 
ST.  LOUIS.  MO. 
SAGINAW.  MICH. 
SALINA.  KAN. 
SALT  LAKE  CITY.  UTAH 
SAN   FRANCISCO.  CAL. 
SIOUX   CITY.  lA. 
SIOUX   FALLS.  S.  D. 
SOUTH   BEND.  IND. 
SPOKANE.  WASH. 
SPRINGFIELD.  ILL. 
SPRINGFIELD.  MO. 
TERRE  HAUTE.  IND. 
TOLEDO.  OHIO 
TOPEKA.  KAN. 
WATERTOWN.  S.  D. 
WICHITA.  KAN. 
WINONA,  MINN. 


I 


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